The valiha is a stringed instrument from Madagascar made from a type of local bamboo. It is known as the "national instrument" of Madagascar. The word "valiha" can also describe other similar instruments that have different shapes and materials.

During the time when the Merina people ruled Madagascar, the valiha was highly respected. Having long fingernails, which were good for plucking the strings, showed that someone was part of the noble class. In addition to being used for music for fun, the valiha was also played during ceremonies to call on spirits.

Many people in Madagascar believe the valiha was passed down from King David, as part of a larger story about the Jewish origins of the Malagasy people.

Construction

The valiha was traditionally made from the bamboo species Valiha diffusa. Today, it is often made from bamboo with longer sections between the nodes. The bamboo poles used for the valiha are selected with diameters between 5 to 10 centimeters and are preferably cut to lengths between 35 to 180 centimeters.

The valiha usually has 21 to 24 strings. In the past, these strings were made from strips of the bamboo body, lifted by small calabash or wooden bridges that also function as adjustable tuners. Today, the strings are often made from unwound bicycle brake cable tied through nails. Some serious players may use standard guitar or piano strings, such as those used in churches or folk bands.

A similar instrument called the marovany has a box-like shape instead of a tubular one and is made of wood or sheet metal.

Players

One of the most well-known valiha players in the twentieth century was Rakotozafy, who was born in 1938. Most of his recorded performances were performed live at the main studio of Malagasy Radio. Another well-known valiha artist is Sylvestre Randafison, who is seen as an important cultural figure in Madagascar.