Claves are a percussion instrument made of two short, wooden sticks that are about 20–25 centimeters (8–10 inches) long and 2.5 centimeters (1 inch) wide. Traditionally, they are made from wood such as rosewood, ebony, or grenadilla, but some modern versions are made from fiberglass or plastic.

When struck together, claves create a clear and sharp clicking sound. This sound is helpful in large dance bands because it carries well. Some claves are hollow and have a carved section in the middle to make the sound louder.

History

Claves have played an important role in the growth of Afro-Cuban music, such as the son and guaguancó. They are also commonly used in Samba music. Claves are often used to create a repeating rhythm, called the clave, that continues throughout a musical piece.

Many similar instruments can be found in different countries around the world.

Technique

When playing claves, it is important to let at least one clave make a sound. The usual method is to hold one clave lightly with the thumb and fingertips of the non-dominant hand, keeping the palm facing upward. This position helps the clave create a clearer sound. The other clave is held by the dominant hand at one end with a firm grip, similar to how a drumstick is held. The player strikes the resting clave in the center using the end of this stick.

Traditionally, the clave that is struck is called el macho ("the male"), and the clave that is struck against is called la hembra ("the female"). These names are used even when both claves are the same.

To create a rolling sound, one clave is held between the thumb and first two fingers. By alternating pressure between these fingers, the clave moves back and forth. This moving clave is then placed against the resonating clave to produce a rolling sound.

Use in popular music

Some salsa singers use claves, a rhythmic instrument, while singing. The Beatles and The Who have used claves in their recordings, including "Don't Bother Me," "And I Love Her," and "Magic Bus." Claves are also used in the background music segments of the Night Court theme.

Use in classical music

Composers who want to copy Afro-Cuban music often use claves, such as those used by Arturo Márquez in Danzón No. 2 or by George Gershwin in his Cuban Overture.

Steve Reich's Music for Pieces of Wood is composed for five pairs of claves.