A repinique is a two-headed drum used in samba baterias, which are groups of musicians who play percussion instruments. It is used in the Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo Carnival baterias and in the baterias of Bahia, where it is called repique. It is similar to the tik-tik in non-Brazilian drum kits or to the tenor drum in marching bands. The repinique is tuned to a high pitch to create a clear sound that stands out over the other instruments in the bateria. It is used as both a lead and solo instrument.

The body of the repinique is usually made of metal. The drumheads, made of nylon, are tightened using metal tuning rods. The instrument is smaller in diameter than the Brazilian caixa (snare drum) but taller and does not have a snare. It is carried with a shoulder strap attached to one of the tuning rods. In Rio-style samba, it is played with one wooden stick and one hand. In Bahia, it is often played with two wooden sticks, though sometimes it is played like the Rio-style, as seen in the group bloco afro Ilê Aiyê. It may also be played with two thin plastic "whippy" sticks.

The repinique became part of samba percussion in the 1950s. At that time, it was made of wood with natural drumheads made from goatskin, and it was played differently. For example, the sound of the repinique from that era can be heard in the movie Black Orpheus.

Baterias often include a group of repinique players. These players create rhythmic patterns that set the tempo for the rest of the bateria by building on the basic "1-2-3-4" rhythm of samba. The repinique is also used by the musical director as a lead instrument, making calls that the rest of the bateria follows. It is often played with a hand or stick and used to signal changes in rhythm with chamadas (calls). In samba, it helps dancers keep the tempo and rhythm of the music.

The repinique is also used in American classical music. A solo repinique was featured in the 30-minute symphonic piece Rhapsody for solo percussion and orchestra by Ney Gabriel Rosauro.