The orutu is a one-stringed vertical fiddle that came from the pre-colonial societies of Western Kenya, especially among the Luo community. In the Luhya language, it is called Ishiriri. The Luo people had a strong tradition of using stringed instruments and were known for their skill in playing harps and lyres. When the orutu is played with a bow, the notes it produces depend on how the fingers press against the central stick.

Although the orutu is played in a way similar to a violin, it has a distinct and unique sound. It is often played with drums and singing, but these traditions became less common over time. This change happened because Kenyan and African traditional music was greatly reduced by the arrival of European missionaries and colonialists. The missionaries, along with the colonial government, were likely the main cause of changes, stopping, or even ending many parts of traditional African culture and music (Hanna, 1965). Many missionaries believed that African traditions, including music, were harmful and against religious beliefs. They saw African culture as a sign of unbelief and not in line with true faith. The loss of these traditions led to the spread of Western culture. When Kenya gained independence in 1963, many Kenyans began using Western instruments like the piano, while the orutu became a cultural item displayed in museums rather than being used by people.

The word "orutu" also describes a type of music in Kenya that uses this instrument. The orutu is an important part of the benga music style. A well-known group that uses the orutu in their music is the band Kenge Kenge Orutu System.

Construction

The orutu has a cylinder-shaped part made from wood that has been hollowed out. One side of this part has monitor lizard skin stretched over it. The string was originally made from sisal fibers, but it is now made from wire taken from bicycle brake cables that have been reused.