The arpeggione is a six-stringed musical instrument that has frets and is tuned like a guitar. However, it has a curved bridge that allows it to be bowed, like a cello. This makes it similar to the bass viola da gamba.
The baryton is a bowed string instrument similar to the viol. It has an extra set of strings that can be plucked and also vibrate. This instrument was commonly used in Europe until the end of the 18th century.
The lyra viol is a small type of bass viol that was mainly used in England during the 17th century. It is called “the smallest of the bass viols.” In 17th century England, the consort bass was much larger than most bass viols today. The string length of the consort bass was about 78 to 80 centimeters, while the division viol had a string length of about 76 centimeters.
The lirone (also called the lira da gamba) is the largest instrument in the lira family. It was widely used in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. The lirone is a bowed string instrument with 9 to 16 gut strings and a fretted neck.
The Calabrian lira (Italian: lira Calabrese) is a traditional musical instrument used in some parts of Calabria, a region located in southern Italy.
The Byzantine lyra or lira (Greek: λύρα) was a musical instrument used during the medieval period in the Byzantine (Eastern Roman) Empire. The common version of the lyra had a pear-like shape and three to five strings. It was held upright and played by pressing the strings from the side using the fingertips and fingernails.
The Cretan lyra (Greek: Κρητική λύρα) is a musical instrument shaped like a pear and has three strings. It is a traditional instrument used in the music of Crete and other islands in the Dodecanese and Aegean Sea in Greece. The Cretan lyra is the most well-known version of the medieval Byzantine lyra, which influenced the development of many European bowed instruments.
The laouto (Greek: λαούτο, plural: λαούτα) is a long-necked, fretted instrument in the lute family. It is found in Greece and Cyprus and looks similar to the oud. The laouto has four double-strings.
The tsampouna (or tsambouna; Greek: τσαμπούνα) is a musical instrument from Greece and belongs to the bagpipe family. It has two sets of pipes (called “chanter”) and no continuous sound pipe (called a “drone”). The instrument is filled by blowing air into a goatskin bag through the mouth.
The volynka (Ukrainian: волинка, коза; Russian: волынка; Crimean Tatar: tulup zurna—also related to duda and koza) is a type of bagpipe. Its name comes from the Volyn region in Ukraine, where it was borrowed from Romania. The volynka is made with a goat skin container that holds air.