The tsampouna (or tsambouna; Greek: τσαμπούνα) is a musical instrument from Greece and belongs to the bagpipe family. It has two sets of pipes (called "chanter") and no continuous sound pipe (called a "drone"). The instrument is filled by blowing air into a goatskin bag through the mouth. It is commonly found in the Greek islands. The name "tsampouna" comes from the Italian word "zampogna," which refers to a similar type of double-chantered instrument. The word "tsampouna" is connected to the Greek word "sumfōnia" (συμφωνία), meaning "harmonious sounds together" (from "sun-" meaning "with" and "phōnē" meaning "sound"). This term was later used to describe a type of bagpipe.

In the 20th century, many bagpipes across Europe became popular again after earlier declines. However, in 2006, a music expert named Wolf Dietrich observed that Greece was the only European country without a bagpipe revival. Recently, though, some traditional musicians on the island of Ikaria have started using the tsampouna more often. In recent years, it has become common to hear the tsampouna played at festivals on Ikaria.

Current revival

In the 21st century, more people are showing interest in the tsampouna, and its use is changing. Though its tradition began in a social setting that no longer exists, today’s world is creating a new tradition. New musicians, new listeners, new ways of listening, a mix of old and new songs, and fresh or timely messages help keep the tsampouna alive and popular. This new tradition exists alongside the old one, which continues to be practiced, and is influenced by it. At the same time, it weakens the old tradition’s close connection to local communities, changing tsampouna music from local styles into a shared language.